by Brandon Rhodes • Home

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I am very happy with my first weeks of hosting sites at WebFaction. They have taken so much responsibility off of my shoulders. They run nginx in front of my web applications on my behalf. I fill out a simple form, placing Pylons under / and Wordpress under /blog, and they write all of the redirect rules to accomplish it. I list the domains and sub-domains on which my site should appear, and they configure the virtual hosting for me.

WebFaction has even finally wrested domain name control from my fingers. Gone are the installations of bind that used to be running everywhere, and the smattering of shell scripts with which I wrapped “nsupdate” to publish new host names. Now, I accomplish host name changes in a few moments through the control panel on WebFaction. This gives me more time to do creative things for my customers, and gives me one less daemon that I have to keep upgraded if I want to avoid security problems. (If you want to try them out for yourself, using this WebFaction sign-up link will credit me as the one who recommended them.)

This move to making WebFaction my default choice for hosting new client projects is only the most recent chapter in the very long story of my devolving responsibilities on to other people. The previous steps went something like this:

• Late 1980s: Letting C write my machine code. It was difficult to give up control over the actual opcodes that my programs invoked on a 6809 or 68010 processor, especially since C seemed to produce some of the most verbose and overwrought machine language I had ever seen. Programs were thousands of bytes longer than ones that I coded by hand! The C language was a crazed memory and performance hog. How could I trust it with my code? It was, I think, its very sleek design that helped me make the switch, combined with how pleasant it was to work with very high-level concepts, such as functions, rather than low-level concepts, like manually allocated stack frames.
• Early 1990s: Letting stdio buffer my I/O. Not only was stdio traditionally slow, but you always had to remember to run flush() before users could see the next few characters of output. And don't even get me started on the pain of early versions of scanf() that required you to allocate memory for an incoming string before you even knew what size it was! But, somehow, the day eventually arrived when I had written my own I/O buffering routines enough times, and I succumbed to letting the standard library authors worry about it instead.
• Mid 1990s: Letting Red Hat keep track of packages. Slackware gave users so much control! It was the obvious choice when I got my first Linux machine from Apache Digital in April 1996. (Their competitors were a little company called VA Linux, whose web site was very primitive compared to Apache Digital's, lacking a sophisticated web form for choosing the case, motherboard, and PCI cards that you wanted in your custom Linux machine. I gave VA Linux little chance of surviving. Surprisingly they seem to be the ones who are still around!). But after several years, the seams started to show around the edges of tar-archive-driven system packaging, and I was ready to acquiesce and allow deeply mysterious binary Red Hat packages to take care of installing packages for me. I just didn't have time to compile everything myself that Slackware had not thought of packaging themselves. Instead, I wanted to go online, find a good Red Hat Package archive, spend several minutes searching to find the package I wanted, then search and find and download its dependencies, and then become root to get it installed. So simple! Life was good.
• Late 1990s: Letting Python manage memory for me. This step was actually a very easy one. By this point I was exhausted from trying to malloc() and free() the memory I needed by hand, so much so that AWK became my standard tool for every programming task for which it was even remotely suited. And then Python appeared! Python was sleek, it was elegant, and it used most of the same operators as the C language with the brilliant extension of using “%” for percent-sign string interpolation. Thus I was relieved of duty with respect to malloc().
• Around 2000: Letting Debian manage dependencies for me. I used to like selecting exactly what went on to my system, because I liked sleek and carefully installed machines that cede not even an extra byte of disk space for a tool that I have not asked for and will not use. But the process of finding all of the library dependencies for even a moderately sophisticated application became ruinously expensive in terms of time. The extra satisfaction of choosing exactly what was on my hard drive was just not worth the effort; and, when the time came to remove an application that I was no longer using, even my small army of RPM dependency-diving shell scripts were an inconvenient way of keeping my system trim. With a switch to Debian, I suddenly had a sophisticated tool — aptitude — that both download packages and their dependencies directly off the Internet for me, and then cleaned up and removed the dependencies later when I was done. It was a great solution, and I still use it to this day; I just used aptitude to install a package a few minutes ago.
• June 2008: Letting Slicehost power my web server. With my web server needs growing, and tired of bouncing between friends with extra space on their colocated boxes, I opted for my first virtual host. Research led me quickly to Slicehost (again, here is a referral link if you want to try them out and blame me for it later) who used an open-source virtualization system to provide virtual servers. They are famous for not punishing their users by over-allocating servers. With the exception of an hour of downtime when a kernel upgrade went awry (the new kernel that I needed was not compatible with the older server on which my slice was allocated, and the tech did not notice the mismatch until my slice failed to reboot over the next several minutes), I have found their service to be flawless, and have always found their support to be technically acute and very friendly. With the move to a virtual server, a whole range of concerns about power, disk replacements, and RAID and LVM settings passed entirely out of my purview. I have not missed those responsibilities or thought about them since.
• April 2009: Letting Ubuntu fill my hard drive with packages. This has been one of the most exciting transitions I have made! After experiencing several system breakages through the early months of 2009 as Debian Unstable became more and more chaotic, I found myself squeezed between two unfortunate options. I could either downgrade to Debian Stable and wait three entire years between operating system releases — and thus be using very old copies of Firefox and Emacs by the end of each release cycle — or I could stay on Debian Unstable and face increasingly frequent chaos. The release schedule of Ubuntu, it turned out, was a perfect balance: like Debian Stable it usually features only security upgrades, but unlike Debian it guarantees a release every six months so that the software I am using never has time to become too old. Thanks to the community's “Emacs snapshot” packages, the most important package I used stays current every single week! And the number of features Ubuntu enables by default is simply stunning. My network card just worked under 9.04 without needing the usual hours of fiddling with ndiswrapper and proprietary Windows driver downloads. And, to take command-line completion as another example, my most recent shock was typing “django-admin.py” followed, accidentally, by tab, only to receive the entire list of Django admin command-line operations in return! I now feel that Debian was “Linux with all of the features turned off” unless I knew about them and deliberately turned them on; with Ubuntu, it's like walking into a house with the lights already on, the air conditioning already running, and food already in the fridge.
• July 2009: Letting WebFaction run my web services. Finally, the transition that instigated this blog post! I have always been such a nuts-and-bolts guy that I never imagined giving up control over every single character in the configuration files that power my web applications. It has probably been this first year of being on my own as a consultant that has changed my attitude: with well-defined projects and contractual deadlines, I feel much more viscerally whether my time is being spent as productively as possible for my customers. And writing yet another Apache configuration just to set up virtual hosting, wonderful as it was to feel my hands on the knobs and dials, is simply not how I want to be spending my time. The way that WebFaction sets up hosting accounts is very clever — they use POSIX access lists, which I had never encountered in production before, to very finely tune which of their applications can see which areas of your account — and it's a very fun environment to work in.

Two quick notes before closing.

First, I should stress that the earlier steps in this process would have been difficult to skip. To this day, writing input and output code in Python is often helped by knowing something about what the buffering code underneath must look like. Making final tweaks to my WebFaction hosting accounts is helped by having written end-to-end Apache configurations before, so that I recognize the options I am looking at when one of them needs to be tweaked. And so forth. That is why I try never to show impatience when I tell another programmer about some wonderful convenience which I have discovered, and they frown and say they would rather do it themselves: they are probably obeying a deep and important engineering instinct, that tells them to understand a layer of functionality quite thoroughly before letting it disappear into an additional layer of abstraction. Sometimes an inexperienced person has to do it themselves first, however imperfectly, before they can move on. Think, for example, of all that the Django guys must have learned by now.

Second, I should note that I have told this story for its own sake, and not for the smattering of referral links above. They are included simply because I myself enjoy the chance to reward people who point out new services to me. Please just ignore the links if they make you feel like you are reading an advertisement! This blog post grew organically out of the post that I will now sit down to write next, about compiling lxml under one of my WebFaction accounts. I started explaining what it has meant for me to give up control over my front-end web server by moving to WebFaction, and once I was a few paragraphs in I realized that I had a whole separate blog post on my hand. I hope you have enjoyed it!

©2014